Table of Contents

Acknowledgments      vii
Preface      1

PART I: ANALYSIS      3
1. Evaluating Managerial Performance      5
2. Evaluating Managerial Tendencies      42
3. Managers and Starting Pitchers      53

PART II: COMMENTARY      63
4. Primordial Managers, 1876–1892      65
5. Rise of the Fundamentalists, 1893–1919      80
6. Managing in the Lively Ball Era, 1920–1950      120
7. The Modern Manager Emerges, 1951–1976      158
8. Managing in a New Era of Labor Relations, 1977–1997      204
9. Contemporary Managers, 1998–2008      244

Appendix I: The Birnbaum Database, by Phil Birnbaum      289
Appendix II: The Tendencies Database      292
Appendix III: LPA for Years and Managers      306
Glossary      310
Bibliography      313
Index      315